Fourmolu

• Configuration
• Installation
• Building from source
• Usage
  • Editor integration
  • Language extensions, dependencies, and fixities
  • Magic comments
  • Regions
  • Exit codes
• Limitations
• Contributing
• License

Fourmolu is a formatter for Haskell source code. It is a fork of Ormolu, with the intention to continue to merge upstream improvements.

We share all bar one of Ormolu's goals:

• Using GHC's own parser to avoid parsing problems caused by haskell-src-exts.
• Let some whitespace be programmable. The layout of the input influences the layout choices in the output. This means that the choices between single-line/multi-line layouts in certain situations are made by the user, not by an algorithm. This makes the implementation simpler and leaves some control to the user while still guaranteeing that the formatted code is stylistically consistent.
• Writing code in such a way so it's easy to modify and maintain.
• That formatting style aims to result in minimal diffs.
• Choose a style compatible with modern dialects of Haskell. As new Haskell extensions enter broad use, we may change the style to accommodate them.
• Idempotence: formatting already formatted code doesn't change it.
• Be well-tested and robust so that the formatter can be used in large projects.
• Implementing one “true” formatting style which admits no configuration. We allow configuration of various parameters, via CLI options or config files. We encourage any contributions which add further flexibility.

Configuration

Available options

Configuration option	Valid options	Description
indentation	any integer	Number of spaces to use as indentation
comma-style	leading, trailing	Where to put the comma in lists, tuples, etc.
import-export-style	leading, trailing, diff-friendly	How to format multiline import/export lists (diff-friendly lists have trailing commas but keep the open-parentheses on the same line as the import line)
indent-wheres	true, false	false means save space by only half-indenting the where keyword
record-brace-space	true, false	rec {x = 1} vs rec{x = 1}
respectful	true, false	Whether to respect user-specified newlines, e.g. in import groupings
haddock-style	multi-line, single-line	Whether multiline haddocks should use {- or --
newlines-between-decls	any integer	number of newlines between top-level declarations
fixities	A list of strings for defining fixities; see the "Language extensions, dependencies, and fixities" section below

For examples of each of these options, see the test files.

Specifying configuration

Configuration options may be specified in either a fourmolu.yaml file or via command-line options. Fourmolu looks for a fourmolu.yaml file in all parents of the current directory, followed by the XDG config directory.

A complete configuration file, corresponding to Fourmolu's default options, looks like:

indentation: 4
comma-style: leading
import-export-style: diff-friendly
indent-wheres: false
record-brace-space: false
respectful: true
haddock-style: multi-line
newlines-between-decls: 1
fixities: []

The configuration that most closely matches Ormolu's styling is:

indentation: 2
comma-style: trailing
import-export-style: trailing
indent-wheres: true
record-brace-space: true
respectful: false
haddock-style: single-line
newlines-between-decls: 1
fixities: []

Command-line options override options in a configuration file. Run fourmolu --help to see all options.

Installation

To install the latest release from Hackage, simply install with Cabal or Stack:

$ cabal install fourmolu
$ stack install fourmolu

Building from source

$ cabal build -fdev
$ stack build --flag fourmolu:dev

The dev flag may be omitted in your local workflow as you work, but CI may not pass if you only build without the dev flag.

Usage

The following will print the formatted output to the standard output.

$ fourmolu Module.hs

Add -i (or --mode inplace) to replace the contents of the input file with the formatted output.

$ fourmolu -i Module.hs

Use find to format a tree recursively:

$ fourmolu -i $(find . -name '*.hs')

Or find all files in a project with git ls-files:

$ fourmolu --mode inplace $(git ls-files '*.hs')

Or directly specify a directory (will recursively process all *.hs files)

$ fourmolu -i src

To check if files are are already formatted (useful on CI):

$ fourmolu --mode check $(find . -name '*.hs')

⚡ Beware git's core.autocrlf on Windows ⚡

Fourmolu's output always uses LF line endings. In particular, fourmolu --mode check will fail if its input is correctly formatted except that it has CRLF line endings. This situation can happen on Windows when checking out a git repository without having set core.autocrlf to false.

Editor integration

Fourmolu can be integrated with your editor via the Haskell Language Server. Just set haskell.formattingProvider to fourmolu (instructions).

Language extensions, dependencies, and fixities

Fourmolu automatically locates the Cabal file that corresponds to a given source code file. When input comes from stdin, one can pass --stdin-input-file which will give Fourmolu the location of the Haskell source file that should be used as the starting point for searching for a suitable Cabal file. Cabal files are used to extract both default extensions and dependencies. Default extensions directly affect behavior of the GHC parser, while dependencies are used to figure out fixities of operators that appear in the source code. Fixities can also be overridden with the fixities configuration option in fourmolu.yaml, e.g.

fixities:
  - infixr 9  .
  - infixr 5  ++
  - infixl 4  <$
  - infixl 1  >>, >>=
  - infixr 1  =<<
  - infixr 0  $, $!
  - infixl 4 <*>, <*, *>, <**>

It uses exactly the same syntax as usual Haskell fixity declarations to make it easier for Haskellers to edit and maintain.

Besides, all of the above-mentioned parameters can be controlled from the command line:

• Language extensions can be specified with the -o or --ghc-opt flag.
• Dependencies can be specified with the -p or --package flag.
• Fixities can be specified with the -f or --fixity flag.

Searching for .cabal files can be disabled by passing --no-cabal.

Magic comments

Fourmolu understands two magic comments:

{- FOURMOLU_DISABLE -}

and

{- FOURMOLU_ENABLE -}

This allows us to disable formatting selectively for code between these markers or disable it for the entire file. To achieve the latter, just put {- FOURMOLU_DISABLE -} at the very top. Note that for Fourmolu to work the fragments where Fourmolu is enabled must be parseable on their own. Because of that the magic comments cannot be placed arbitrarily, but rather must enclose independent top-level definitions.

{- ORMOLU_DISABLE -} and {- ORMOLU_ENABLE -}, respectively, can be used to the same effect, and the two styles of magic comments can be mixed.

Regions

One can ask Fourmolu to format a region of input and leave the rest unformatted. This is accomplished by passing the --start-line and --end-line command line options. --start-line defaults to the beginning of the file, while --end-line defaults to the end.

Exit codes

Exit code	Meaning
0	Success
1	General problem
2	CPP used (deprecated)
3	Parsing of original input failed
4	Parsing of formatted code failed
5	AST of original and formatted code differs
6	Formatting is not idempotent
7	Unrecognized GHC options
8	Cabal file parsing failed
9	Missing input file path when using stdin input and accounting for .cabal files
10	Parse error while parsing fixity overrides
100	In checking mode: unformatted files
101	Inplace mode does not work with stdin
102	Other issue (with multiple input files)
400	Failed to load Fourmolu configuration file

Limitations

• CPP support is experimental. CPP is virtually impossible to handle correctly, so we process them as a sort of unchangeable snippets. This works only in simple cases when CPP conditionals surround top-level declarations. See the CPP section in the design notes for a discussion of the dangers.
• Input modules should be parsable by Haddock, which is a bit stricter criterion than just being valid Haskell modules.
• Various minor idempotence issues, most of them are related to comments.
• Fourmolu is in a fairly early stage of development. The implementation should be as stable as Ormolu, as it only makes minimal changes, and is extensively tested. But the default configuration style may change in some minor ways in the near future, as we make more options available. It will always be possible to replicate the old default behaviour with a suitable fourmolu.yaml.

Contributing

If there are any options you'd like to see, let us know. If it's not too complicated to implement (and especially if you implement it yourself!) then we'll probably add it.

See DEVELOPER.md for documentation.

License

See LICENSE.md.

Copyright © 2018–2020 Tweag I/O, 2020-present Matt Parsons

Acknowledgements

The vast majority of work here has been done by the Ormolu developers, and thus they deserve almost all of the credit. This project is simply intended as a haven for those of us who admire their work, but can't quite get on board with some of their decisions when it comes down to the details.